CHEMICAL

Coat element

Each of the elements will definitely be an emblem in accordance with the international rules of writing. The following are the rules of writing in an element.
a. For symbol element consists of only one letter, writing that
use capital letters.
Examples such as:
• Carbon denoted C.
• Hydrogen element denoted H.
• Oxygen Elements denoted 0.
b. For the element symbol consisting of two letters, the first letter writing
use a capital letter and the second letter by using small letters.
Examples such as:
• Sodium element denoted Na.
• Calcium element denoted Ca.
Here are a symbol of the metal and non-metallic elements
Metal Elements non-metals
Element Name Element Name Symbol Symbol i
Aluminium Al Argon Ar
As Arsenic Antimony Sb
Barium Ba Sulfur S
Fe Iron Boron B
Bi Bismuth Bromine Br
Gold Au Fluorine F
Phosphorus P Potassium K
Calcium Ca Helium He
Cobalt Co Hydrogen H
Cr Chromium Iodine 1
Mn Manganese Carbon C
Magnesium Mg Chlorine CI
Sodium Na Neon Ne
Nickel Ni Nitrogen N
Ag Silver Oxygen 0
Mercury Hg Silicon Si
Zinc Zn Krypton Kr
Copper Cu Xenon X
Tin Sn Se Selenium
Lead Pb Radon Rn
Periodic table of elements


To be able to easily learn and observe an element, made a table called the periodic table of elements. This element of the periodic table is a table that describes the elements that exist in a chemical made in the form of a table. Elements are arranged by electron structure of the chemical elements that are changing uniformly across the table. Every element is listed by its atomic number and chemical symbol. In the periodic table of elements, the elements are grouped into categories based on similarities in the nature and period. Groups in the periodic table are arranged vertically (up and down), while the period of elements arranged horizontally (from left to right).
Definition Compounds
The definition of a compound that is a combination of two or more elements are chemically joined with a certain ratio in each molecule. Compounds that can be written in a chemical formula. Chemical formula of a compound may be molecular formula and empirical formula. There's a kicker molecular formula and the formula that empires pa???
Kalua molecular formula of a molecule that is present in a chemical formula that expresses a kind and number of atoms that can make up the substance. While the empirical formula is a chemical formula that expresses a comparison of the smallest or the number of atoms that form a compound. Examples such as n-hexane has a molecular formula consisting of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, suggesting that these compounds must have a straight chain structure of each terdri 6 carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms. With the molecular formula, it can be concluded that the chemical formula is C6H14 hexane, whereas the empirical formula is C3H7 which shows the ratio of C: H of 3: 7.

1. The properties in the compound
compound turned out to have its own properties, the following are the properties of the compound:
a. Compounds that can form when through a process of chemical reaction
b. Constituent components that exist in a compound must have a certain ratio of its course it anyway.
(Law Proust)
c. The compound was not going to be separated by
constituent components back through physical reaction.
d. Compounds that can be categorized as a single agent compound.
e. Having specific properties of different
with elements of two hydrogen pembentuknya.perbandingan
and one oxygen

2 .. Naming the compound
a. Compounds composed of metals and non-metals
Name a metal element being arguably the first name or the first and last name of non-metals become.

Example:
Metals non-metals chemical formula compound name
Magnesium Magnesium oxide MgO oxygen
Potassium Calcium Bromide KBr Brom
b. The compound consists only of the elements alone nonlogamnya
The compound consists of two non-metals, would have given a last name ending in / cta.
If there is a couple in an element that is compounding more than one, then the naming of compounds
is distinguished by mentioning the number index, which is expressed in the Greek language as follows.
1 = mono 6 = hex
2 = at 7 = hepta
3 = tri 8 = octa
4 = tetra 9 = nona
5 = 10 = penta deka Example:
Carbon monoxide CO = C02 = Carbon dioxide
c. Compounds composed of hydrogen and non-metallic elements
There are two rules in the naming gift for the compound, composed of hydrogen and non-metallic elements, namely:
1) The word that hydrogen can be used as a first name and the name of the non-metals as last name with the suffix Ida said.
Contohny as HF = Hydrogen fluoride
2) Using the acid as the first name and the name of non-metals
as last name plus the suffix ida
Examples such as hydrofluoric acid HF =

d. Compounds composed of metallic elements, oxygen and hydrogen elements
when in an oxygen element is the second element of hydrogen followed by the naming of compounds able to use a metal element name as the first name. Words hydroxide which is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen element name as her last name.
Example: NaOH: Sodium hydroxide KOH: Potassium hydroxide

C. Mix
The mixture is a combination of several substances that occur with the comparison that is not fixed and without chemical reaction. Original nature in a substance forming the mixture was still distinguishable from each other. By homogeneity, the mixture can be grouped into two parts, as follows.

1. A homogeneous mixture
Homogeneous mixture is a mixture consisting of the two substances or more constituent particles when it can no longer be distinguished. Homogeneous mixture that has a constituent parts of the same. The solution is mixed together in a homogeneous. Therefore, it is often very homogeneous mixture is also called a solution. In solution, it can be dissolved substance is called the solute and, while solvents dinamkan solvent. Here is the nature of the solution.

a. in a solution that consists of two or more substances that are each constituent particles and evenly spread throughout the solution.
b. The particle size of the solution in the solution was less than 10 nm.
c. Each constituent particle solution spread evenly throughout the solution.
The following are the things that can affect the solubility of a substance.

1. Temperature
An agent will be able to more easily dissolved in the solvent apabiila temperature was higher. This can occur because of a partiklel particles in a substance at a higher temperature and can move faster so the chances of the occurrence of a collision can be more frequent and effective. It makes substances more easily dissolved.

2. Solute size.
In general, the greater the surface area of ​​a substance in the dissolution would be more faster. This dsebabkan due to the greater surface area of ​​a substance, means the more particles collide and will speed up the process of formation of the solution.

3. The volume of the solvent
The volume of solvent was found to influence the process kelarutanjuga you know ...?? . The more volume of solvent used, it will accelerate a substance will dissolve.

4. Stirring
The mixing process can affect the solubility of a process. With the process of stirring, on a substance will be more quickly dissolved in a solvent.

D. Separation of Mixed
Following separation of the mixture adalahcontoh:
Industrial processes involving the separation process, such as petroleum processing, separation of metals from mineral, water purification, sewage treatment industry. Separation of the mixture can be done in various ways as follows.
1. Filtering or better known as the filtration
In a screening process based on differences in size partikenyal done. In the screening process using a filter contohnyanya like filter paper, so that the particles are so small it can pass through the filter. Screening results in particles called filtrate, while the particles are larger and disebu stuck on filter paper with the residue.

2. Distillation (distillation)
Distillation is a separation technique in a mixture that occurs based on the difference in the boiling points comprising each component present in a mixture. The process of separation of the mixture is done by caradengan distillation method is done in two ways, the first is by way of evaporation condensation. The mixture was first heated to above the boiling point of a substance to be separated. Because the boiling point of a substance to be separated is lower than the boiling point of the mixture of these substances will evaporate first. Steam terbentu «: further cooled to become liquid.

3. Crystallization
Solids were not going to be separated from the filtered solution by. Solids are separated from the solution meialui crystallization process. Crystallization can be formed when steam from a particle that has undergone sublimation to cool. In crystallization, the other ingredients that are not desirable, but there are in the mix, will remain in a liquid state.

4. Sublimation
Sublimation is a change from a solid to a gaseous form, or vice versa. Tetpai To be separated by sublimation method solute should have different boiling points ti'nggi so as to produce a vapor with a high level of purity. Substances that can be sublimed, including camphor, iodine, and caffeine.

5. Chromatography
Chromatography is a separation of a mixture tekniik in by breaking the colored particles. The decomposition of the particles in the mixture turned into its components. Chromatography is used in the food industry which is useful to know a dangerous food dye or not to health.

6. Extraction
Extraction is the separation of a substance from a mixture by dissolving the substance in a suitable solvent. Extraction is usually performed on bottled tea industry.

7. Adsorption
Adsorption was carried out with a strong withdrawal so that the substance can be attached to the surface of the absorbent or better known as the absorbent substance. Substances commonly used as an absorbent such as activated carbon was the point of that is able to absorb gases, dyes, and even microorganisms. Adsorption is usually done in the sugar industry which aims to whiten dirty sugar.

8. Evaporation
Evaporation is a technique to be able to separate a mixture, a solute in the mixture is solid and the solvent is a liquid. Evaporation happens inidapat done by heating the solution up to a certain temperature. If a solution is heated beyond the boiling point of the solvent particles pelarutanya it would be even evaporate, while the dissolved solids will be left behind.